! ! The use of Total Station
first contact with this shop, or a year ago, and ornate style, the elegant
taste is one of the factors that attracted me.
of course the most important thing is the baby of his family so that I have no power of resistance, Beats By Dre ! Try before they shop to buy a pair to wear for a whole year are still alive.
Now go to the mall, slightly better point shoes are 7-8 one hundred, thousands or even thousands. I understand the procurement, the vast majority of them cost no more than 300 yuan. So, how cost-effective? ! I am speechless when I found this problem, now is such a society, you said on the. Someone willing to fight anyone willing to endure.
back to the theme, this time to recommend my collection of Now I referred to as pioneers.
Website last to first hanging hanging everyone's appetite.
believe that Nike and Adidas are not strange for the family of the economic base, which is a luxury, but now there are a few young people do not want to have a few pairs of? Society so that worships money and so snobbish, although the simplicity is a virtue, but if you wear poor, who looked up at you? What is the status of what is called taste.
Although we understand about such a reason, but not everyone has the strength to take a 7-8 one hundred thousands to buy a pair of Nike shoes. Let you have the strength, you would not be so random sponsorship of these profiteering operators
The reason why is my collection of TA so valuable is that you can use the near-cost prices to buy these Share is a pleasure, I hope that we have a good thing also shared with me. Oh, to reciprocate.
no graph with the truth! This is for everyone to see I buy this four baby, so that we see is not a true
the first paragraph: This is the style of the U.S. market, the Mainland was unable to buy because most of the pioneer of goods from foreign channels, so the Amoy to some of the precious baby.
of course the price is also considerable cause for surprise. 238 yuan, the United States mall, but on the $ 100
click open. This is a men
second ]: and men, the first thing should be able to attract to you, the baby is really good, this is the second time I bought a year ago to buy a pair now fineness. Well, this time to buy is too much to be afraid of would be out of stock. This should be a good store of the Air Force family style work. Vietnamese, most of the domestic stores selling domestic production, personally think that the work may be almost The price is still still amazing, 188 yuan.
Website of
: http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=6008783418
third paragraph: couple shoes, couple shoes means that the size of men and women have exactly the same shoes style, just the size the size of the difference.
shoes absolute value for money, put in that is only $ 500 shoes texture. There are more than a dozen colors. Then surprise $ 228.
URL: http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=7808952806
fourth paragraph]: This will not have to I say, how to see what people wear, in the domestic market is to buy taste, price go see the website on the picture the.
URL: http://item.taobao.com/auction/item_detail.htm?item_num_id=9175092624
there are many good baby, later slowly scouring my friends asked me this authentic? Not, but it is definitely the real thing, because my understanding is genuine taxed channel sales of goods that are sky-high price, not worth buying.
As to be trusted, the look at their size to know, not likely to us two pairs of shoes and bad word of mouth, is not it. Of course, you can also choose to Taobao to buy, they shop seven days package returned, I think this has to do quite well. I remittances to buy, the efficiency is very fast, the arrival rate is generally three days to Very satisfied.
the shop Website: http://shop59230685.taobao.com/ good in mind, Portland, mood, huh, huh.
need to be reminded, go through this web site, not to Taobao to search, as may be into some fake shop deceived when I'm not responsible for Oh.
write for so long, hands ache to take your time, ask the owner directly, I did not have this free martial arts when shopping guide, if the owner gave me a salary that could also be considered,
content : to understand the classification of total station, level, the main technical indicators; to master the basic operation of the total stations, angle measurement, the measurement side, the measurement of 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft principles and methods of operation; understand the Total Station measurement, and REM area measurement method.
focus: the basic operation of total station angle measurement, the measuring side, measured 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft, principles and methods of operation.
difficulty: Total Station 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft principles and methods of operation.
teaching methods: take the demonstration method of teaching. Explain Topcon Total Station, each speaking a function in the classroom, the use of the advantages of multimedia classrooms, a live demonstration, and operation through the projector, projection screen, intuitive play, the effect of the image, so that students can quickly grasp the use of Total Station.
§ 7.1 Total Station (total station) Features
With the continuous development of science and technology, EDM, electronic theodolite, micro-processing devices and data-recording devices integrated electronic speed measuring instrument (referred to as Total Station) is becoming more mature, with the gradual popularization. This indicates that the level of surveying instruments, manufacturing technology, science and technology content, applicability and extent, have reached a new stage. Total Station can measure angles and distances, and according to certain procedures and formats for the measurement data to the data acquisition. Total Station has a high degree of automation, accuracy, and configure the appropriate interface, allows the measurement of wild-collected data directly into the computer for data processing, or to enter the automated mapping system. Compared with traditional methods, eliminating the need for a large number of intermediate manual link, significantly improved labor efficiency and economic benefits, while avoiding the defects of the higher error rate in the process of manual records.
Total Station the manufacturers a lot of major manufacturers and the corresponding production of Total Station Series: Switzerland, Leica TC series Total Station; the Japanese TOPCN (Topcon) produced by the GTS series; Sokkia SET series produced; Pentax company's PCS Series; GDM Series Total Station Nikon produced DMT series and Swedish the AME power company production. NTS series Total Station in southern China Surveying and Mapping Instruments production in the 1990s to fill the blank of our country, working with a new look to the domestic and international markets.
Total Station features:
1, goniometer, range and automatically records the measurement data;
2, with a variety of field applications, the imputed results in the measurement site;
3, the data stream;
a TOPCON Total Station constructed Introduction
Figure 1 for Pentax Total Station PTS-V2, Figure 2 C-100 Total Station Nikon, Figure 3 Intelligent Total Station GTS-710, Figure 4 Zeiss the Elta R series of projects Total Station, Figure 5 is the Leica TPS1100 series of intelligent total station.
Total Station Features
function: Press MENU to enter the data collection, coordinate loft, program execution, memory management (data file editing, transfer and query) parameter settings.
The ANG button, enter the angle measurement mode (the default boot mode), its horizontal angle, vertical angle measurement method with theodolite method of operation is basically the same. After sighting the target, the horizontal circle readings HR and vertical dial to record instrument readings V. distance measurement (b)
press the button, enter the ranging mode, targeting the prism, press F1 (MEAS), record the instrument measurement site to the level from the HD, the lens and the lens between the prism point slant range of SD and lens and lens The height difference of the VD.
(c) coordinate measuring
1, ANG key to enter the angle measurement mode, aimed at the backsight point A
2, HSET, enter the station O to A coordinates of the backsight azimuth.
such as: input 65.4839, that is entered.
button, enter the coordinate measurement mode. P ↓, enter 2.
4, according to the OCC, respectively, N, E, Z input station coordinates (X0, Y0, H0).
5, P ↓, the first two in INS.HT column, enter the instrument.
6, P ↓, the first two in R.HT column, enter the prism of the point B at.
7, aimed at the point B to be measuring, MEAS, have to point B (XB, YB, HB).
(d) the coordinates of the scattered points loft (do not use a file)
1, the main menu, press MENU to enter the measurement mode.
2, according to the LAYOUT into the loft program, and then SKP, skip the file.
3 OOC.PT (F1), and then NEZ O point input station coordinates (X0, Y0, H0); in INS.HT and column input apparatus.
4 BACKSIGHT (F2), and then NE / AZ, backsight A in the input coordinates (xA, yA); if I do not know the coordinates of point A known coordinates of azimuth, you can press the AZ in the HR items input value. Aimed at point A, press YES to.
5 LAYOUT (F3), and then NEZ, the input to be lofting the coordinates of point B (xB,, yB, HB) and single measuring rod prism mirror high, press ANGLE to (F1). The level of brake and level of micro-spiral, so that the display dHR = 0 ° 0000
6, press the DIST to measure the displayed dHD to command and hold the prism to move along the OB direction, if dHD is positive, then move to the point O; Conversely if dHD is negative, then move to the distant, until the dHD = 0, the legislation prism point is point B flat position.
7, the value of its displayed dZ is the legislation prism point cut to fill the height of being dug, negative for the fill.
8, press the NEXT - repeated five, six two-step, setting out the next point C.
§ 7.3 Total Station Note the use and maintenance
Total Station custody Notes
1 custody of the instrument by the person responsible, every day the field is completed back to the office; not be placed on the site toolbox
2, the instrument box should be kept dry to moisture water and the timely replacement of the desiccant. The instrument shall be placed in special shelves or fixed position.
3 instrument unused for long periods, regularly should be around January ventilation mildew and power drive tide, to keep the instrument in good working condition.
4, designed to be placed should be neat, not upside down.
should be used with precautions
strap and handle 1, should be checked prior to the start of construction equipment cabinet is solid.
2 out of the box after the extraction apparatus, to be spotted the instrument placed in the box and location, loading and unloading apparatus, holding the handle, remove the instrument from the instrument case or mount equipment cabinet, grasp live instrument handle and base, can not hold the display in the lower part of the unit. Must not take the tube of the instrument, otherwise it will affect the fixed internal components, thereby reducing the accuracy of the instrument. Grasp the base portion of the instrument, or both hands to hold the lower part of the telescope bracket. The instrument used up, first close the objective lens cover, and wipe the surface of the dust. Packing want to place the various parts of the appropriateness, close the lid should be barrier-free.
3, in the sunlight under observation instruments should give the instrument an umbrella and wear a sun shade, so as not to affect the observation accuracy. Measurement in the cluttered environment, the instruments have a hand guard. When the instrument is mounted on a smooth surface, use the string (or thin wire) three tripod feet linked together to prevent slipping.
4, when the erection of the instrument on a tripod as much as possible with a wooden tripod, metal tripod may produce vibration, which affects the measurement accuracy.
5, when the station between distance to move the station should be to remove the instrument, carrying away the packing. Walk before you want to check the equipment cabinet is locked, check whether the seat belt fastened. The short distance between stations, the instrument can move station together with the tripod against the shoulder, but the equipment to try to keep upright.
6, before moving station, inspection equipment and tripod connection is strong, handling, braking spiral slightly off live, so that the instrument will not sway in the process of moving station.
7, any part of the instrument failure, not reluctant to use, should immediately repair, otherwise it will exacerbate the extent of damage of the instrument.
8, components should be kept clean, such as contaminated Fui Sha must wipe the brush or a soft lens cleaning paper. Prohibit any optical surface of the finger touching the instrument. Clean the instrument lens surface, first with a clean brush to sweep the dust off, and then clean the wireless cotton with alcohol gently wipe out a circle from the lens center. Remove the dust on the equipment cabinet must not be the role of any thinner or gasoline, and apply a clean cloth dampened in a mild detergent scrub.
9, wet environment, the operating end, with a soft cloth to wipe the instrument surface moisture and dust after packing. Back at the office immediately unpack the instruments put in a dry place, and completely dry before packing.
10 , winter indoor, outdoor temperature difference is large, the instrument to move out outdoors or moved indoors, should from time to time to out-of-the-box.
Third, battery life
Total Station battery is one of the most important component in the total station, total station are equipped with batteries are generally good Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride batteries) and Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium batteries), battery bad, how much power to decide the length of time outside the industry.
, it is recommended that during the power is turned on, do not remove the battery, because the stored data may be lost, so the power is off before inserting or removing the battery.
2 rechargeable battery can be recharged, but if there is also the battery remaining capacity of the state, charging will shorten battery run-time battery voltage can be refreshed to be recovery, thereby improving the operating time, a fully charged battery discharge time is about 8 hours.
3, do not continuously charged or discharged, otherwise it will damage the battery and charger, if necessary, to charge or discharge, you should use the charger to stop charging for about 30 minutes later.
Do not just charging of the battery after charging or discharging, sometimes this will cause the battery damage.
4, more than the charging time will shorten the battery life should try to avoid the remaining battery capacity level with the current measurement mode related to the angle measurement mode, the remaining battery capacity is enough, can not guarantee that the battery In the distance measurement mode can also be used, because of the distance measurement mode power consumption is higher than the angle measurement mode, when the distance mode from the point of view mode, due to insufficient battery capacity, from time to time suspend ranging.
short, only in the daily work, pay attention to the use and maintenance of the total station, pay attention to the total station battery charge and discharge, in order to extend the life of the Total Station, the effectiveness of the total station to maximize the
of course the most important thing is the baby of his family so that I have no power of resistance, Beats By Dre ! Try before they shop to buy a pair to wear for a whole year are still alive.
Now go to the mall, slightly better point shoes are 7-8 one hundred, thousands or even thousands. I understand the procurement, the vast majority of them cost no more than 300 yuan. So, how cost-effective? ! I am speechless when I found this problem, now is such a society, you said on the. Someone willing to fight anyone willing to endure.
back to the theme, this time to recommend my collection of Now I referred to as pioneers.
Website last to first hanging hanging everyone's appetite.
believe that Nike and Adidas are not strange for the family of the economic base, which is a luxury, but now there are a few young people do not want to have a few pairs of? Society so that worships money and so snobbish, although the simplicity is a virtue, but if you wear poor, who looked up at you? What is the status of what is called taste.
Although we understand about such a reason, but not everyone has the strength to take a 7-8 one hundred thousands to buy a pair of Nike shoes. Let you have the strength, you would not be so random sponsorship of these profiteering operators
The reason why is my collection of TA so valuable is that you can use the near-cost prices to buy these Share is a pleasure, I hope that we have a good thing also shared with me. Oh, to reciprocate.
no graph with the truth! This is for everyone to see I buy this four baby, so that we see is not a true
the first paragraph: This is the style of the U.S. market, the Mainland was unable to buy because most of the pioneer of goods from foreign channels, so the Amoy to some of the precious baby.
of course the price is also considerable cause for surprise. 238 yuan, the United States mall, but on the $ 100
click open. This is a men
second ]: and men, the first thing should be able to attract to you, the baby is really good, this is the second time I bought a year ago to buy a pair now fineness. Well, this time to buy is too much to be afraid of would be out of stock. This should be a good store of the Air Force family style work. Vietnamese, most of the domestic stores selling domestic production, personally think that the work may be almost The price is still still amazing, 188 yuan.
Website of
: http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=6008783418
third paragraph: couple shoes, couple shoes means that the size of men and women have exactly the same shoes style, just the size the size of the difference.
shoes absolute value for money, put in that is only $ 500 shoes texture. There are more than a dozen colors. Then surprise $ 228.
URL: http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=7808952806
fourth paragraph]: This will not have to I say, how to see what people wear, in the domestic market is to buy taste, price go see the website on the picture the.
URL: http://item.taobao.com/auction/item_detail.htm?item_num_id=9175092624
there are many good baby, later slowly scouring my friends asked me this authentic? Not, but it is definitely the real thing, because my understanding is genuine taxed channel sales of goods that are sky-high price, not worth buying.
As to be trusted, the look at their size to know, not likely to us two pairs of shoes and bad word of mouth, is not it. Of course, you can also choose to Taobao to buy, they shop seven days package returned, I think this has to do quite well. I remittances to buy, the efficiency is very fast, the arrival rate is generally three days to Very satisfied.
the shop Website: http://shop59230685.taobao.com/ good in mind, Portland, mood, huh, huh.
need to be reminded, go through this web site, not to Taobao to search, as may be into some fake shop deceived when I'm not responsible for Oh.
write for so long, hands ache to take your time, ask the owner directly, I did not have this free martial arts when shopping guide, if the owner gave me a salary that could also be considered,
content : to understand the classification of total station, level, the main technical indicators; to master the basic operation of the total stations, angle measurement, the measurement side, the measurement of 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft principles and methods of operation; understand the Total Station measurement, and REM area measurement method.
focus: the basic operation of total station angle measurement, the measuring side, measured 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft, principles and methods of operation.
difficulty: Total Station 3D coordinates and 3D coordinates of the loft principles and methods of operation.
teaching methods: take the demonstration method of teaching. Explain Topcon Total Station, each speaking a function in the classroom, the use of the advantages of multimedia classrooms, a live demonstration, and operation through the projector, projection screen, intuitive play, the effect of the image, so that students can quickly grasp the use of Total Station.
§ 7.1 Total Station (total station) Features
With the continuous development of science and technology, EDM, electronic theodolite, micro-processing devices and data-recording devices integrated electronic speed measuring instrument (referred to as Total Station) is becoming more mature, with the gradual popularization. This indicates that the level of surveying instruments, manufacturing technology, science and technology content, applicability and extent, have reached a new stage. Total Station can measure angles and distances, and according to certain procedures and formats for the measurement data to the data acquisition. Total Station has a high degree of automation, accuracy, and configure the appropriate interface, allows the measurement of wild-collected data directly into the computer for data processing, or to enter the automated mapping system. Compared with traditional methods, eliminating the need for a large number of intermediate manual link, significantly improved labor efficiency and economic benefits, while avoiding the defects of the higher error rate in the process of manual records.
Total Station the manufacturers a lot of major manufacturers and the corresponding production of Total Station Series: Switzerland, Leica TC series Total Station; the Japanese TOPCN (Topcon) produced by the GTS series; Sokkia SET series produced; Pentax company's PCS Series; GDM Series Total Station Nikon produced DMT series and Swedish the AME power company production. NTS series Total Station in southern China Surveying and Mapping Instruments production in the 1990s to fill the blank of our country, working with a new look to the domestic and international markets.
Total Station features:
1, goniometer, range and automatically records the measurement data;
2, with a variety of field applications, the imputed results in the measurement site;
3, the data stream;
a TOPCON Total Station constructed Introduction
Figure 1 for Pentax Total Station PTS-V2, Figure 2 C-100 Total Station Nikon, Figure 3 Intelligent Total Station GTS-710, Figure 4 Zeiss the Elta R series of projects Total Station, Figure 5 is the Leica TPS1100 series of intelligent total station.
Total Station Features
function: Press MENU to enter the data collection, coordinate loft, program execution, memory management (data file editing, transfer and query) parameter settings.
The ANG button, enter the angle measurement mode (the default boot mode), its horizontal angle, vertical angle measurement method with theodolite method of operation is basically the same. After sighting the target, the horizontal circle readings HR and vertical dial to record instrument readings V. distance measurement (b)
press the button, enter the ranging mode, targeting the prism, press F1 (MEAS), record the instrument measurement site to the level from the HD, the lens and the lens between the prism point slant range of SD and lens and lens The height difference of the VD.
(c) coordinate measuring
1, ANG key to enter the angle measurement mode, aimed at the backsight point A
2, HSET, enter the station O to A coordinates of the backsight azimuth.
such as: input 65.4839, that is entered.
button, enter the coordinate measurement mode. P ↓, enter 2.
4, according to the OCC, respectively, N, E, Z input station coordinates (X0, Y0, H0).
5, P ↓, the first two in INS.HT column, enter the instrument.
6, P ↓, the first two in R.HT column, enter the prism of the point B at.
7, aimed at the point B to be measuring, MEAS, have to point B (XB, YB, HB).
(d) the coordinates of the scattered points loft (do not use a file)
1, the main menu, press MENU to enter the measurement mode.
2, according to the LAYOUT into the loft program, and then SKP, skip the file.
3 OOC.PT (F1), and then NEZ O point input station coordinates (X0, Y0, H0); in INS.HT and column input apparatus.
4 BACKSIGHT (F2), and then NE / AZ, backsight A in the input coordinates (xA, yA); if I do not know the coordinates of point A known coordinates of azimuth, you can press the AZ in the HR items input value. Aimed at point A, press YES to.
5 LAYOUT (F3), and then NEZ, the input to be lofting the coordinates of point B (xB,, yB, HB) and single measuring rod prism mirror high, press ANGLE to (F1). The level of brake and level of micro-spiral, so that the display dHR = 0 ° 0000
6, press the DIST to measure the displayed dHD to command and hold the prism to move along the OB direction, if dHD is positive, then move to the point O; Conversely if dHD is negative, then move to the distant, until the dHD = 0, the legislation prism point is point B flat position.
7, the value of its displayed dZ is the legislation prism point cut to fill the height of being dug, negative for the fill.
8, press the NEXT - repeated five, six two-step, setting out the next point C.
§ 7.3 Total Station Note the use and maintenance
Total Station custody Notes
1 custody of the instrument by the person responsible, every day the field is completed back to the office; not be placed on the site toolbox
2, the instrument box should be kept dry to moisture water and the timely replacement of the desiccant. The instrument shall be placed in special shelves or fixed position.
3 instrument unused for long periods, regularly should be around January ventilation mildew and power drive tide, to keep the instrument in good working condition.
4, designed to be placed should be neat, not upside down.
should be used with precautions
strap and handle 1, should be checked prior to the start of construction equipment cabinet is solid.
2 out of the box after the extraction apparatus, to be spotted the instrument placed in the box and location, loading and unloading apparatus, holding the handle, remove the instrument from the instrument case or mount equipment cabinet, grasp live instrument handle and base, can not hold the display in the lower part of the unit. Must not take the tube of the instrument, otherwise it will affect the fixed internal components, thereby reducing the accuracy of the instrument. Grasp the base portion of the instrument, or both hands to hold the lower part of the telescope bracket. The instrument used up, first close the objective lens cover, and wipe the surface of the dust. Packing want to place the various parts of the appropriateness, close the lid should be barrier-free.
3, in the sunlight under observation instruments should give the instrument an umbrella and wear a sun shade, so as not to affect the observation accuracy. Measurement in the cluttered environment, the instruments have a hand guard. When the instrument is mounted on a smooth surface, use the string (or thin wire) three tripod feet linked together to prevent slipping.
4, when the erection of the instrument on a tripod as much as possible with a wooden tripod, metal tripod may produce vibration, which affects the measurement accuracy.
5, when the station between distance to move the station should be to remove the instrument, carrying away the packing. Walk before you want to check the equipment cabinet is locked, check whether the seat belt fastened. The short distance between stations, the instrument can move station together with the tripod against the shoulder, but the equipment to try to keep upright.
6, before moving station, inspection equipment and tripod connection is strong, handling, braking spiral slightly off live, so that the instrument will not sway in the process of moving station.
7, any part of the instrument failure, not reluctant to use, should immediately repair, otherwise it will exacerbate the extent of damage of the instrument.
8, components should be kept clean, such as contaminated Fui Sha must wipe the brush or a soft lens cleaning paper. Prohibit any optical surface of the finger touching the instrument. Clean the instrument lens surface, first with a clean brush to sweep the dust off, and then clean the wireless cotton with alcohol gently wipe out a circle from the lens center. Remove the dust on the equipment cabinet must not be the role of any thinner or gasoline, and apply a clean cloth dampened in a mild detergent scrub.
9, wet environment, the operating end, with a soft cloth to wipe the instrument surface moisture and dust after packing. Back at the office immediately unpack the instruments put in a dry place, and completely dry before packing.
10 , winter indoor, outdoor temperature difference is large, the instrument to move out outdoors or moved indoors, should from time to time to out-of-the-box.
Third, battery life
Total Station battery is one of the most important component in the total station, total station are equipped with batteries are generally good Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride batteries) and Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium batteries), battery bad, how much power to decide the length of time outside the industry.
, it is recommended that during the power is turned on, do not remove the battery, because the stored data may be lost, so the power is off before inserting or removing the battery.
2 rechargeable battery can be recharged, but if there is also the battery remaining capacity of the state, charging will shorten battery run-time battery voltage can be refreshed to be recovery, thereby improving the operating time, a fully charged battery discharge time is about 8 hours.
3, do not continuously charged or discharged, otherwise it will damage the battery and charger, if necessary, to charge or discharge, you should use the charger to stop charging for about 30 minutes later.
Do not just charging of the battery after charging or discharging, sometimes this will cause the battery damage.
4, more than the charging time will shorten the battery life should try to avoid the remaining battery capacity level with the current measurement mode related to the angle measurement mode, the remaining battery capacity is enough, can not guarantee that the battery In the distance measurement mode can also be used, because of the distance measurement mode power consumption is higher than the angle measurement mode, when the distance mode from the point of view mode, due to insufficient battery capacity, from time to time suspend ranging.
short, only in the daily work, pay attention to the use and maintenance of the total station, pay attention to the total station battery charge and discharge, in order to extend the life of the Total Station, the effectiveness of the total station to maximize the
